Education in Nepal
Tuesday, March 26, 2013
MAHAN SIDDHARTHA DESTITUTE FOUNDATION, NEPAL
(MSDF, NEPAL)
Introduction:
MSDF itself clarifies its principle that it is a common home for the children who are the victim of poverty, natural calamities, internal or external conflict, fatal diseases, etc. It is a social organization which has been registered in .2012 AD, in the District Administrative office and Social Welfare Council, Nepal. It supports to the children who are homeless and have lost their parents. It especially focuses to the orphans and neglected children throughout the country.
Nepal is a small mountainous country, lies between two enormous countries, India and China. It is one of the poorest countries in the Asia Continent. Most of the people are directly or indirectly involved in agriculture for their livelihood. More than 30% people are under the line of poverty. More children in Nepal are uncared, illiterate, tortured and passing their life painfully because of Poverty, Natural calamities, fatal diseases, loss of parents, problem while migrating from mountainous region and much more. They are not getting the opportunities to uplift their future. They are being a parted from education, health care, love and affection, while the child rights are the most important prerequisites for their better future.
Vision
So, its main motto is "Assist the children who are in Risks." Or the slogan as "Let's assist together forever." The chief objective of MSDF is to make the destitute children competent who can settle in the society easily managing education, health, food, accommodation and other required means to uplift their livelihood and future carrier. In order to approach this objective, it is indispensable to accomplish food, Shelter, education together with other necessary items for them, as a pond is formed or constituted by a many single drops of water. If a kind-hearted persons form anywhere, well-wishers our ex-students, guardians or social workers help economically or by any means according to their liking and capability, it will be uncomplicated to compass into its destination.
Appeal/Plea
In the context of Nepal, many school children are victimized from various causes as they sometimes miss their parents, will be suffered from economical obstruction, parent's carelessness, fatal diseases and natural calamities. In these circumstances, knowingly or unknowingly these children are compelled to leave their studies, as they are unable to pay for their studies. So we, the members of MAHAN SIDDHARTHA HIGH SCHOOL, a private social organization realized to establish this organization because we couldn't control our heart finding the children in risk and trouble since the decades as we have been involving in the field of education since long.
In the present situation, MAHAN SIDDHARTHA HIGH SCHOOL with it's team as school board members, school teachers, guardians and ex-students of MAHAN SIDDHARTHA at Kumarigal, Kathmandu-7 is a source of inspiration to this organization because the school is still sustaining those children with the school's limited source to upcoming number of children in our won small and inferior striving, we have been providing education for more than 225 (more than Two Hundred and Twenty-five) students since MS School's establishment who have come from various parts of our country as they are very poor and have not parents as orphans and semi-orphans, are deprived of getting education. It is being very difficult to fulfill the objective of this organization only form our efforts. If we gain your small help, this organization can manage education as well as accommodations and other many essential things for the helpless and orphan children, in this sense of "CAPABLE CAN SUPPORT TO HELPLESS" as an universal truth, the whole team of receiver and donor will be successful if those children will be capable and successful citizen of the society in our "SUSTAINABL CAMPAIGN" applied at MAHAN SIDDHARTHA HIGH SCHOOL, very recently.
This organization always appreciates your kind co-operation if you are able to help them in your direct observation and arrival to Nepal. This organization heartily welcomes the volunteers from any country in order to assist the children.
"In your small aid, an orphan can gain bright and beautiful future further," as we have the slogan mention in logo as "Let's assist together forever." The team support for sustaining these children as sustaining the universe so your small support will be for ever in the sense of "DHARMA" which always immortal and always appreciable.
You are kindly requested to support this organization through PayPal or it's existing bank account which has been mentioned in the website as "www.msdfnepal.org.np".
Chairman
MSDF-Nepal
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Sunday, December 2, 2012
Education and Public awareness
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of disaster mitigation education is to protect one’s life. It is first necessary to be prepared for disasters and to get flexible attitude against disasters depending on the circumstances enough to protect one’s life, the family lives, and one’s belongings when one encounters disasters. People not only “protect their own lives” but also “rescue people just after they become safe”, “support people in the affected area”, “come from far away to support the affected people”, and “support the affected people from far away”.
There is one more important point of view in disaster mitigation education. It is frequently pointed out that no one can do anything else except the actions they have ever been trained at the time of disasters. I would like to indicate here that people were able to implement during Kobe Earthquake what they had never been trained. They cooked emergent dishes for more than 1,000 people at one time. They rescued the buried victims under the debris. They cleaned the ultimately dirty toilets. They took the roles of volunteers and coordinators in the refuges. They connected the needs of the affected people to the supporters. All these actions were taken without the training in advance.
What made these actions possible was the daily capacity of people. They put their daily capacity to emergent disaster managements. The purpose of disaster mitigation education is to raise these daily capacities which can be put into emergent managements. Maiko High School has such a wide point of view in disaster mitigation education. That’s why the education is implemented not only in the classroom to gain the amount of knowledge but also in outside of school to implement fieldworks, to make safety map with the pupils of elementary school nearby, to take part in and give presentations at workshops of disasters and volunteer activities, and to listen to the stories of the people affected by Kobe Earthquake. These active and practical educations make the students gain the daily capacities.
In a natural disaster—a hurricane, flood, tornado, volcanic eruption, or other calamity—minutes and even seconds of warning can be the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists and government officials are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. The goal is to put technology to effective use in saving lives and property when nature unleashes its power with devastating results.
1.2 PROBLEM ON HAND
Formulation of national policies and their implementation, preparedness and
mitigation of disaster, immediate rescue and relief works, data collection and dissemination, collection and distribution of funds and resources are the vital segments of disaster management. A state should have its network throughout the country to cope with the natural disasters. Thus, the Ministry of Home Affairs is the key agency for immediate response during disasters in the country. Despite very limited funds and resources the Ministry of Home Affairs is managing the natural disaster in all respects.
Of course, there are a number of problems in disaster management and enough room for the improvement of the natural disaster relief committee and district disaster relief committee are very active. Many professionals realized that the new concepts and skills they learned in international training were vital for their colleagues and country fellows. Some developed and conducted local-level courses on urban disaster mitigation.
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING AND AWARENESS AGAINST DISASTER
Universities in South and Southeast Asia are acknowledging the importance of teaching the concepts of disaster risk management to future urban planners, city officials, architects, geologists and other professionals. Others identified disaster risk communication as the locus of their efforts, since they believed that aware communities would be better able to undertake actions for their safety, be it direct or through advocacy with the government. The staff of Sri Lanka’s National Building Research Organization (NBRO), and World Vision Bangladesh, developed “Guidelines for Construction and Human Settlements in Flood Prone Areas” and “Guidelines on Flood Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis”. While this was being done in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, architects in other countries took it upon themselves to ensure the incorporation of seismic-resistant features in building design.
Covering seven nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, South Asia is a region sensitive to disasters, points out this report. The region has exhausted its land reserves, and is farming soils that are unsuitable for cultivation. Some 35% of productive land is affected by land degradation. South Asia has a population that is vulnerable to risks in terms of sudden fluctuations in markets and natural shocks arising from weather. This region is also marked by high disparities in income, health and education. Says the study (p.1): "2004-5 was the most appalling period in the history of South Asia. The region became a neighbourhood of disasters." Besides recurring flood and drought, it also had to cope with the December 2004 tsunami (especially in coastal Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Indonesia). There was the October 2005 earthquake in the Himalayan range that killed of 75,000. The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and tsunamis, and of communicating disaster information to the public, have improved immensely as science and technology have advanced. In this November 1998 Encarta Yearbook article, Roger A. Pielke, Jr., a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, warns that although their methods are more reliable now than ever, forecasters will never be able to predict disasters with absolute certainty. Pielke stresses the importance of public awareness and planning in minimizing the havoc that disasters can wreak.
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Wednesday, November 7, 2012
History Of Education In Nepal
The first school established in Nepal was in 1853, Though most of the Nepalese people could not get admitted to it.Only Rana family could get education at that time as the education system during that period was for ruling the Rana families, their countries and their relatives.Only after 1951, the schooling for general people began.But during past fifty years, there has been expansion of dramatic education, lots of problems and challenges despite of success. Education in Nepal was one of the critical issue as social discriminations based on gender , casts, religion , ethnicity and economic class was yet to be eleminated.a's Promise Is that All Children in Nepal Will Have Access to Education1.1 Background of the Study
Nepal is one of the underdeveloped countries having 23.4 million people with in 1,47,181 square kilometers. It is a small land locked country with a rich heritage of diverse ethnic groups. It is a state located between two large countries, India in east, west and south and China in north. Nepal is predominately rural with 88% of total population living in rural areas (CBS, 2001). The total population of women and men are 50.09% and 49.91% respectively. It is inhabited by people of diverse social cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The census report notes 102 social groups and 92 vernaculars languages throughout the country.
Nepal is one of the least developed countries of the world. The country is facing various health problems such as the prevalence of communicable disease, lack of immunization, high morality rate, malnutrition etc. Environmental pollution is also a very serious problem of the country.
Nepal has a lot of problems in health sector, but environmental pollution in a very serious problem in country. School health is an important branch of community health (Park, 1994). School environment is a primary component of school health porgramme, which contributes the pupil education in health. Any school can promote their health status by managing the school surrounding. Unhygienic school environment is directly linked with pupil health status and for the attainment of optimum level of health. Anderson C.L. [1972], defined healthful school environment as "the conditions and manner of existing and experiencing that permit accomplishment and joy in the experience". It means safe, sanitary, esthetic and wholesome physical environment in which children can participate in normal activity with a minimum of interference, disturbance and frustration. Thus, it should be managed in a proper way.
Environmental sanitation has become a world wide concern and people have thought about adopting an acceptable measure. Sanitation constitutes an important and critical dimension of the living environment. Its ignorance leads to major costs of human suffering and economy loses. Sanitation is increasingly recognized as a wider concept that includes practices of hygienic at personal and household levels, system of human waste disposal, and management of solid and liquid waters. Our surrounding plays a vital role in making us healthy or sick. Carelessly managed sanitary facilities can cause harm in different ways. In the past, sanitation was centered on the sanitary disposal of human excreta; even how to many people sanitation still means the construction of latrines. In fact, the term sanitation covers the whole field of controlling the environment with a view to prevent disease and promote health.
Education is that process, which plays an important role in maintaining environment sanitation it has become a world wide concern and people have thought about adopting an acceptable measure. Our surrounding plays a vital role in making as healthy or sickness to us. For instance carelessly managed sanitary facilities can cause harm indifferent ways. The polluted environment creates serious health hazards by providing simple opportunity to develop various diseases. Most of the people are particularly susceptible to respiratory problems caused by dust, dirt and carbon monoxide gas emitted from exhausted automobile engines.
health education is a key component of all environmental sanitation programmes. It involves motivation, counseling and advertisement medias on basic hygiene education. Health is a valuable property of human beings (health is wealth); it plays a vital role for physical, mental and social development of human beings. The educational institutions play important roles to achieve a good health and hygienic practice. It passes the knowledge of good health and hygiene through the kids to the elder relatives at home. If the kids in the school latrines are not maintained properly this leads to the negative impact on the home and community.
Scholars can share health education experience to its recipients in the society by organizing awareness campaigns regularly. This campaign can include several components those help promoting healthier living a model school can follow similar way outs. Thus, sanitary facilities of a school depend on effective, management and resources of the school. At this present situation, students spend five to seven hours daily in the school during this period, schools need to provide safe and healthy environment to them. The school environment in which students and schools personal move during the time they are in school not only affects their health but also provides a laboratory for learning about health practices and attitudes. Only healthy atmospheric school environment improves the physical, mental, social and emotional health of the students and gets changes to take healthful, practices among them.
Generally, many research works have been done on sanitary issues at the national and international level, but very few institutional research tasks are done on related existing school sanitation. If schools do not have well-managed sanitary facilities then the students will be unable to use it practically and also unable to make habit formation on it, well managed sanitary facilities is the essential part of every school. If it is not provided there, the students become uninterested to go to school because it may cause different health problems like diarrhea and dysentery, which make them irregular in school. Therefore it is essential to make them regular. Well-managed sanitary also helps to control many communicable disease and create a sound educational environment, the good sanitation management play a vital role in human life but in Nepal a very little attention is being paid for it. So, the related sector must centre their focus to provide proper direction and implement the reliable programme in every schools of Nepal. Thus, the secondary level community and private school of Lamjung district was selected for the study.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Of course, health related everything that goes to constitute the human right. It starts from womb to tomb. It is everybody's responsibility to improve the institutional environment. The development of health status of the nation depends upon institutional health practices like home, school, colleges, community and others. Out of them, school is the most important formal agency that provides and reflects an opportunity in learning and foundation of development for the positive health knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] among school family.
"School health is an important branch of community health" (Park, 1994). Future development of the community essentially depends upon children's competencies and efficiency gain from schooling.
"Every school needs to be as safe, clean and attractive as it can be: it is not only benefit of the teachers and pupils but also to set a good example of the community" (UNICEF).
The students of school are from different communities, they may have some communicable disease and it may be the cause of great problem. So the school family should always be aware of controlling it. Well-managed sanitary facilities help to save us from nay diseases. So it must be well managed in the school. If the students are practiced with sanitary facilities in the school, they can also well manage sanitary facilities in home and community as well as. Most schools of Nepal have not good sanitary facilities. Especially these facilities are not well managed in government school in comparison to the private. Because of unmanaged sanitary facilities the students are found irregular the attendants also leave their classroom due to different communicable diseases. Sanitation is one of the essential parts of school life but in Nepal the related sector has not given any interest on it.
Lamjung district is also facing the problem of environmental pollution. Maximum temperature of the place is 370c in summer and minimum 150c in winter Lamjung is a beautiful and the rural of historical importance. Its natural beauty is indescribable but the rapid population growth and the urbanization is lessening its beauty, unsystematic building construction has brought lots of problem in the town. The Marsyangdi River is also being polluted by throwing many wastes garbage in river. There is not sufficient water supply. People use to throw waste products here and there that have caused lots of environmental problems.
The management of school environment of many developing countries like Nepal is seen miserable on some issues due to many obstacles i.e. lack of awareness, financial resources and technical knowledge and so on. Most of the community and private school are not managed in healthy manner. Latrine facilities are seen in the available to some extent but they are not properly used and their conditions are far from being satisfactory. Drainage is not properly managed. In the light of the background the researcher, people can live freely in clean and healthy place. So, people of rural area or school area are suffering from different diseases like- diarrhea, fever, etc. because they do not get more and better health facilities. In the schools of Lamjung, there are not good sanitary facilities. And there is still not any research has done about it. So the researcher has selected the issue of sanitary management and facilities in the secondary schools of Lamjung and research problem is thus stated as "A comparative study of sanitary facility and its management between community and private secondary schools in Lamjung district."
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of the study are to find out the existing sanitary facilities and its management of school between community and private schools in Lamjung district. The specific objectives are as follows:
- To find out the sanitary facilities and its management in schools of Lamjung district (Water supply, toilet, waste disposal and drainage).
- To compare the existing situation of sanitary condition and its management between community and private schools in Lamjung district.
- To point out the problems and issues of relating the sanitary facilities and management in schools.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Generally, most of the schools do not have special sanitation state due to the absence of a wide knowledge and awareness to sanitary people may have developed concept of sanitation as an unwanted habit. So this study tries to examine the present sanitary condition and its effects to the school.
Some significance of these studies are as follows:
- This study will be helpful to the administrators, planners, policy makers for developing policies, plans and programmes for the proper management of necessary sanitary facilities in schools.
- This study helps to the community and interested personal to the people gain knowledge in detail about schools sanitation.
- This study will motivate the concerned school headmaster, subject teachers, students and the school personal for the participation in the use of the best sanitary condition in their schools.
- It will be helpful to the researchers who are interested in school and sanitary.
- It arise the awareness about sanitary practice in the school going children from different types of communicable and non-communicable disease in the long run.
1.5 Delimitation of the Study
The basic delimitation of the studies are as follows:
- The study was delimitated with the community and private secondary schools in constituency no. 2, Lamjung District.
- Information and data was collected through structured interview schedule, observation and check list.
- The study was covered only sanitary condition and management on waste disposal, toilets, drainage and water supply of schools.
- The headmaster and students of class 9 and 10 were respondents of the study.
1.5 Definition of the Terms Used
Community Secondary School: Most of budget of institution is provided by the government.
Management: The purposes and objectives of a particular human group are determined classified and effectuated.
Private secondary school: Almost all budget of school is raised from students' fee.
Safe Latrine: Safe latrine is one-which is facilitated by every comfort such as water supply good sanitary system etc.
Safe Water: Safe water is one which when taken does not harm the consumer.
Sanitary facilities: It includes such facilities in this reference provided by schools for their students and school personal which may be helpful in their sound health in the control of schools facilities and management.
Sanitary: The conditions affecting health especially with reference to cleanliness, precautions against communicable disease etc.
Ventilation: The science of maintaining atmospheric condition, which is comfortable and healthy to human body.
Wastes Disposal: it is a technique of collecting and removing of dust, ash, foliage paper and fabrics, packing of all kinds of rags and glasses etc.
ucation | Olga's Promise Is that All Children in Nepal Will Have Access to Education
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Sunday, September 2, 2012
Punishment to children
Physical punishment to school children is totally prohibited in Nepal since the decade which is really new methods to promote the educational standard in education sector. Children are promoting their behavior, attitudes and overall discipline now a days rather than the stick. The days are really different than the years of many years ago. One research has declared that one second tempered physical punishment to the children is too hazardous than counseling, that really takes 30 minutes to hours.
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School children Performing Drama (Small mistake)
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Friday, August 31, 2012
Pre-Primary Children in the assembly
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Monday, August 27, 2012
Children saying bye-bye after completing their dailly class
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Tuesday, March 26, 2013
MAHAN SIDDHARTHA DESTITUTE FOUNDATION, NEPAL
(MSDF, NEPAL)
Introduction:
MSDF itself clarifies its principle that it is a common home for the children who are the victim of poverty, natural calamities, internal or external conflict, fatal diseases, etc. It is a social organization which has been registered in .2012 AD, in the District Administrative office and Social Welfare Council, Nepal. It supports to the children who are homeless and have lost their parents. It especially focuses to the orphans and neglected children throughout the country.
Nepal is a small mountainous country, lies between two enormous countries, India and China. It is one of the poorest countries in the Asia Continent. Most of the people are directly or indirectly involved in agriculture for their livelihood. More than 30% people are under the line of poverty. More children in Nepal are uncared, illiterate, tortured and passing their life painfully because of Poverty, Natural calamities, fatal diseases, loss of parents, problem while migrating from mountainous region and much more. They are not getting the opportunities to uplift their future. They are being a parted from education, health care, love and affection, while the child rights are the most important prerequisites for their better future.
Vision
So, its main motto is "Assist the children who are in Risks." Or the slogan as "Let's assist together forever." The chief objective of MSDF is to make the destitute children competent who can settle in the society easily managing education, health, food, accommodation and other required means to uplift their livelihood and future carrier. In order to approach this objective, it is indispensable to accomplish food, Shelter, education together with other necessary items for them, as a pond is formed or constituted by a many single drops of water. If a kind-hearted persons form anywhere, well-wishers our ex-students, guardians or social workers help economically or by any means according to their liking and capability, it will be uncomplicated to compass into its destination.
Appeal/Plea
In the context of Nepal, many school children are victimized from various causes as they sometimes miss their parents, will be suffered from economical obstruction, parent's carelessness, fatal diseases and natural calamities. In these circumstances, knowingly or unknowingly these children are compelled to leave their studies, as they are unable to pay for their studies. So we, the members of MAHAN SIDDHARTHA HIGH SCHOOL, a private social organization realized to establish this organization because we couldn't control our heart finding the children in risk and trouble since the decades as we have been involving in the field of education since long.
In the present situation, MAHAN SIDDHARTHA HIGH SCHOOL with it's team as school board members, school teachers, guardians and ex-students of MAHAN SIDDHARTHA at Kumarigal, Kathmandu-7 is a source of inspiration to this organization because the school is still sustaining those children with the school's limited source to upcoming number of children in our won small and inferior striving, we have been providing education for more than 225 (more than Two Hundred and Twenty-five) students since MS School's establishment who have come from various parts of our country as they are very poor and have not parents as orphans and semi-orphans, are deprived of getting education. It is being very difficult to fulfill the objective of this organization only form our efforts. If we gain your small help, this organization can manage education as well as accommodations and other many essential things for the helpless and orphan children, in this sense of "CAPABLE CAN SUPPORT TO HELPLESS" as an universal truth, the whole team of receiver and donor will be successful if those children will be capable and successful citizen of the society in our "SUSTAINABL CAMPAIGN" applied at MAHAN SIDDHARTHA HIGH SCHOOL, very recently.
This organization always appreciates your kind co-operation if you are able to help them in your direct observation and arrival to Nepal. This organization heartily welcomes the volunteers from any country in order to assist the children.
"In your small aid, an orphan can gain bright and beautiful future further," as we have the slogan mention in logo as "Let's assist together forever." The team support for sustaining these children as sustaining the universe so your small support will be for ever in the sense of "DHARMA" which always immortal and always appreciable.
You are kindly requested to support this organization through PayPal or it's existing bank account which has been mentioned in the website as "www.msdfnepal.org.np".
Chairman
MSDF-Nepal
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Sunday, December 2, 2012
Education and Public awareness
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of disaster mitigation education is to protect one’s life. It is first necessary to be prepared for disasters and to get flexible attitude against disasters depending on the circumstances enough to protect one’s life, the family lives, and one’s belongings when one encounters disasters. People not only “protect their own lives” but also “rescue people just after they become safe”, “support people in the affected area”, “come from far away to support the affected people”, and “support the affected people from far away”.
There is one more important point of view in disaster mitigation education. It is frequently pointed out that no one can do anything else except the actions they have ever been trained at the time of disasters. I would like to indicate here that people were able to implement during Kobe Earthquake what they had never been trained. They cooked emergent dishes for more than 1,000 people at one time. They rescued the buried victims under the debris. They cleaned the ultimately dirty toilets. They took the roles of volunteers and coordinators in the refuges. They connected the needs of the affected people to the supporters. All these actions were taken without the training in advance.
What made these actions possible was the daily capacity of people. They put their daily capacity to emergent disaster managements. The purpose of disaster mitigation education is to raise these daily capacities which can be put into emergent managements. Maiko High School has such a wide point of view in disaster mitigation education. That’s why the education is implemented not only in the classroom to gain the amount of knowledge but also in outside of school to implement fieldworks, to make safety map with the pupils of elementary school nearby, to take part in and give presentations at workshops of disasters and volunteer activities, and to listen to the stories of the people affected by Kobe Earthquake. These active and practical educations make the students gain the daily capacities.
In a natural disaster—a hurricane, flood, tornado, volcanic eruption, or other calamity—minutes and even seconds of warning can be the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists and government officials are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. The goal is to put technology to effective use in saving lives and property when nature unleashes its power with devastating results.
1.2 PROBLEM ON HAND
Formulation of national policies and their implementation, preparedness and
mitigation of disaster, immediate rescue and relief works, data collection and dissemination, collection and distribution of funds and resources are the vital segments of disaster management. A state should have its network throughout the country to cope with the natural disasters. Thus, the Ministry of Home Affairs is the key agency for immediate response during disasters in the country. Despite very limited funds and resources the Ministry of Home Affairs is managing the natural disaster in all respects.
Of course, there are a number of problems in disaster management and enough room for the improvement of the natural disaster relief committee and district disaster relief committee are very active. Many professionals realized that the new concepts and skills they learned in international training were vital for their colleagues and country fellows. Some developed and conducted local-level courses on urban disaster mitigation.
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING AND AWARENESS AGAINST DISASTER
Universities in South and Southeast Asia are acknowledging the importance of teaching the concepts of disaster risk management to future urban planners, city officials, architects, geologists and other professionals. Others identified disaster risk communication as the locus of their efforts, since they believed that aware communities would be better able to undertake actions for their safety, be it direct or through advocacy with the government. The staff of Sri Lanka’s National Building Research Organization (NBRO), and World Vision Bangladesh, developed “Guidelines for Construction and Human Settlements in Flood Prone Areas” and “Guidelines on Flood Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis”. While this was being done in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, architects in other countries took it upon themselves to ensure the incorporation of seismic-resistant features in building design.
Covering seven nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, South Asia is a region sensitive to disasters, points out this report. The region has exhausted its land reserves, and is farming soils that are unsuitable for cultivation. Some 35% of productive land is affected by land degradation. South Asia has a population that is vulnerable to risks in terms of sudden fluctuations in markets and natural shocks arising from weather. This region is also marked by high disparities in income, health and education. Says the study (p.1): "2004-5 was the most appalling period in the history of South Asia. The region became a neighbourhood of disasters." Besides recurring flood and drought, it also had to cope with the December 2004 tsunami (especially in coastal Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Indonesia). There was the October 2005 earthquake in the Himalayan range that killed of 75,000. The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and tsunamis, and of communicating disaster information to the public, have improved immensely as science and technology have advanced. In this November 1998 Encarta Yearbook article, Roger A. Pielke, Jr., a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, warns that although their methods are more reliable now than ever, forecasters will never be able to predict disasters with absolute certainty. Pielke stresses the importance of public awareness and planning in minimizing the havoc that disasters can wreak.
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Wednesday, November 7, 2012
History Of Education In Nepal
The first school established in Nepal was in 1853, Though most of the Nepalese people could not get admitted to it.Only Rana family could get education at that time as the education system during that period was for ruling the Rana families, their countries and their relatives.Only after 1951, the schooling for general people began.But during past fifty years, there has been expansion of dramatic education, lots of problems and challenges despite of success. Education in Nepal was one of the critical issue as social discriminations based on gender , casts, religion , ethnicity and economic class was yet to be eleminated.a's Promise Is that All Children in Nepal Will Have Access to Education1.1 Background of the Study
Nepal is one of the underdeveloped countries having 23.4 million people with in 1,47,181 square kilometers. It is a small land locked country with a rich heritage of diverse ethnic groups. It is a state located between two large countries, India in east, west and south and China in north. Nepal is predominately rural with 88% of total population living in rural areas (CBS, 2001). The total population of women and men are 50.09% and 49.91% respectively. It is inhabited by people of diverse social cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The census report notes 102 social groups and 92 vernaculars languages throughout the country.
Nepal is one of the least developed countries of the world. The country is facing various health problems such as the prevalence of communicable disease, lack of immunization, high morality rate, malnutrition etc. Environmental pollution is also a very serious problem of the country.
Nepal has a lot of problems in health sector, but environmental pollution in a very serious problem in country. School health is an important branch of community health (Park, 1994). School environment is a primary component of school health porgramme, which contributes the pupil education in health. Any school can promote their health status by managing the school surrounding. Unhygienic school environment is directly linked with pupil health status and for the attainment of optimum level of health. Anderson C.L. [1972], defined healthful school environment as "the conditions and manner of existing and experiencing that permit accomplishment and joy in the experience". It means safe, sanitary, esthetic and wholesome physical environment in which children can participate in normal activity with a minimum of interference, disturbance and frustration. Thus, it should be managed in a proper way.
Environmental sanitation has become a world wide concern and people have thought about adopting an acceptable measure. Sanitation constitutes an important and critical dimension of the living environment. Its ignorance leads to major costs of human suffering and economy loses. Sanitation is increasingly recognized as a wider concept that includes practices of hygienic at personal and household levels, system of human waste disposal, and management of solid and liquid waters. Our surrounding plays a vital role in making us healthy or sick. Carelessly managed sanitary facilities can cause harm in different ways. In the past, sanitation was centered on the sanitary disposal of human excreta; even how to many people sanitation still means the construction of latrines. In fact, the term sanitation covers the whole field of controlling the environment with a view to prevent disease and promote health.
Education is that process, which plays an important role in maintaining environment sanitation it has become a world wide concern and people have thought about adopting an acceptable measure. Our surrounding plays a vital role in making as healthy or sickness to us. For instance carelessly managed sanitary facilities can cause harm indifferent ways. The polluted environment creates serious health hazards by providing simple opportunity to develop various diseases. Most of the people are particularly susceptible to respiratory problems caused by dust, dirt and carbon monoxide gas emitted from exhausted automobile engines.
health education is a key component of all environmental sanitation programmes. It involves motivation, counseling and advertisement medias on basic hygiene education. Health is a valuable property of human beings (health is wealth); it plays a vital role for physical, mental and social development of human beings. The educational institutions play important roles to achieve a good health and hygienic practice. It passes the knowledge of good health and hygiene through the kids to the elder relatives at home. If the kids in the school latrines are not maintained properly this leads to the negative impact on the home and community.
Scholars can share health education experience to its recipients in the society by organizing awareness campaigns regularly. This campaign can include several components those help promoting healthier living a model school can follow similar way outs. Thus, sanitary facilities of a school depend on effective, management and resources of the school. At this present situation, students spend five to seven hours daily in the school during this period, schools need to provide safe and healthy environment to them. The school environment in which students and schools personal move during the time they are in school not only affects their health but also provides a laboratory for learning about health practices and attitudes. Only healthy atmospheric school environment improves the physical, mental, social and emotional health of the students and gets changes to take healthful, practices among them.
Generally, many research works have been done on sanitary issues at the national and international level, but very few institutional research tasks are done on related existing school sanitation. If schools do not have well-managed sanitary facilities then the students will be unable to use it practically and also unable to make habit formation on it, well managed sanitary facilities is the essential part of every school. If it is not provided there, the students become uninterested to go to school because it may cause different health problems like diarrhea and dysentery, which make them irregular in school. Therefore it is essential to make them regular. Well-managed sanitary also helps to control many communicable disease and create a sound educational environment, the good sanitation management play a vital role in human life but in Nepal a very little attention is being paid for it. So, the related sector must centre their focus to provide proper direction and implement the reliable programme in every schools of Nepal. Thus, the secondary level community and private school of Lamjung district was selected for the study.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Of course, health related everything that goes to constitute the human right. It starts from womb to tomb. It is everybody's responsibility to improve the institutional environment. The development of health status of the nation depends upon institutional health practices like home, school, colleges, community and others. Out of them, school is the most important formal agency that provides and reflects an opportunity in learning and foundation of development for the positive health knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] among school family.
"School health is an important branch of community health" (Park, 1994). Future development of the community essentially depends upon children's competencies and efficiency gain from schooling.
"Every school needs to be as safe, clean and attractive as it can be: it is not only benefit of the teachers and pupils but also to set a good example of the community" (UNICEF).
The students of school are from different communities, they may have some communicable disease and it may be the cause of great problem. So the school family should always be aware of controlling it. Well-managed sanitary facilities help to save us from nay diseases. So it must be well managed in the school. If the students are practiced with sanitary facilities in the school, they can also well manage sanitary facilities in home and community as well as. Most schools of Nepal have not good sanitary facilities. Especially these facilities are not well managed in government school in comparison to the private. Because of unmanaged sanitary facilities the students are found irregular the attendants also leave their classroom due to different communicable diseases. Sanitation is one of the essential parts of school life but in Nepal the related sector has not given any interest on it.
Lamjung district is also facing the problem of environmental pollution. Maximum temperature of the place is 370c in summer and minimum 150c in winter Lamjung is a beautiful and the rural of historical importance. Its natural beauty is indescribable but the rapid population growth and the urbanization is lessening its beauty, unsystematic building construction has brought lots of problem in the town. The Marsyangdi River is also being polluted by throwing many wastes garbage in river. There is not sufficient water supply. People use to throw waste products here and there that have caused lots of environmental problems.
The management of school environment of many developing countries like Nepal is seen miserable on some issues due to many obstacles i.e. lack of awareness, financial resources and technical knowledge and so on. Most of the community and private school are not managed in healthy manner. Latrine facilities are seen in the available to some extent but they are not properly used and their conditions are far from being satisfactory. Drainage is not properly managed. In the light of the background the researcher, people can live freely in clean and healthy place. So, people of rural area or school area are suffering from different diseases like- diarrhea, fever, etc. because they do not get more and better health facilities. In the schools of Lamjung, there are not good sanitary facilities. And there is still not any research has done about it. So the researcher has selected the issue of sanitary management and facilities in the secondary schools of Lamjung and research problem is thus stated as "A comparative study of sanitary facility and its management between community and private secondary schools in Lamjung district."
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of the study are to find out the existing sanitary facilities and its management of school between community and private schools in Lamjung district. The specific objectives are as follows:
- To find out the sanitary facilities and its management in schools of Lamjung district (Water supply, toilet, waste disposal and drainage).
- To compare the existing situation of sanitary condition and its management between community and private schools in Lamjung district.
- To point out the problems and issues of relating the sanitary facilities and management in schools.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Generally, most of the schools do not have special sanitation state due to the absence of a wide knowledge and awareness to sanitary people may have developed concept of sanitation as an unwanted habit. So this study tries to examine the present sanitary condition and its effects to the school.
Some significance of these studies are as follows:
- This study will be helpful to the administrators, planners, policy makers for developing policies, plans and programmes for the proper management of necessary sanitary facilities in schools.
- This study helps to the community and interested personal to the people gain knowledge in detail about schools sanitation.
- This study will motivate the concerned school headmaster, subject teachers, students and the school personal for the participation in the use of the best sanitary condition in their schools.
- It will be helpful to the researchers who are interested in school and sanitary.
- It arise the awareness about sanitary practice in the school going children from different types of communicable and non-communicable disease in the long run.
1.5 Delimitation of the Study
The basic delimitation of the studies are as follows:
- The study was delimitated with the community and private secondary schools in constituency no. 2, Lamjung District.
- Information and data was collected through structured interview schedule, observation and check list.
- The study was covered only sanitary condition and management on waste disposal, toilets, drainage and water supply of schools.
- The headmaster and students of class 9 and 10 were respondents of the study.
1.5 Definition of the Terms Used
Community Secondary School: Most of budget of institution is provided by the government.
Management: The purposes and objectives of a particular human group are determined classified and effectuated.
Private secondary school: Almost all budget of school is raised from students' fee.
Safe Latrine: Safe latrine is one-which is facilitated by every comfort such as water supply good sanitary system etc.
Safe Water: Safe water is one which when taken does not harm the consumer.
Sanitary facilities: It includes such facilities in this reference provided by schools for their students and school personal which may be helpful in their sound health in the control of schools facilities and management.
Sanitary: The conditions affecting health especially with reference to cleanliness, precautions against communicable disease etc.
Ventilation: The science of maintaining atmospheric condition, which is comfortable and healthy to human body.
Wastes Disposal: it is a technique of collecting and removing of dust, ash, foliage paper and fabrics, packing of all kinds of rags and glasses etc.
ucation | Olga's Promise Is that All Children in Nepal Will Have Access to Education
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Sunday, September 2, 2012
Punishment to children
Physical punishment to school children is totally prohibited in Nepal since the decade which is really new methods to promote the educational standard in education sector. Children are promoting their behavior, attitudes and overall discipline now a days rather than the stick. The days are really different than the years of many years ago. One research has declared that one second tempered physical punishment to the children is too hazardous than counseling, that really takes 30 minutes to hours.
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School children Performing Drama (Small mistake)
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Friday, August 31, 2012
Pre-Primary Children in the assembly
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Monday, August 27, 2012
Children saying bye-bye after completing their dailly class
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